Типы инструментов промышленной автоматизации

Automation instruments can be divided into six categories: on-site measuring instruments, on-site control instruments, on-site instrument actuators, display recording instruments, regulating control instruments, and special measuring instruments. Each category can be further subdivided into several subcategories. Vacorda Instrument editor will discuss in detail with everyone in this article.
Definition of Automation Instruments
Automation instruments are automation technology tools composed of several automation components and have relatively complete functions. Automation instruments generally have multiple functions, including measurement, display, recording or measurement, control, alarm, etc.
Origin of Automation Instruments
The true emergence of automation instruments was in the 1980s, when people effectively combined automation technology with industrial instruments through a control device, and then integrated control was achieved through assembled electronic devices. Later, with the continuous development of control technology, automation technology gradually became the main tool for the development of industrial instruments, leading to the emergence of true automation instruments.
The rapid development of new technologies such as microelectronics, computer technology, network communication technology, and information processing technology has had a profound impact on the innovation of automation instruments, and has become a new driving force for the development of industrial automation instruments. Industrial automation instruments can not only obtain comprehensive information of objects at a higher speed, sensitivity, reliability, and simplicity, but also completely break through the traditional framework of light, machinery, and electricity, and develop towards intelligence, networking, busization, and openness. Today, we will use a picture to help everyone figure out the "kinship" relationship of the automation instrument family.
Classification of automation instruments
Automation instruments can be divided into six categories: on-site measuring instruments, on-site control instruments, on-site instrument actuators, display recording instruments, regulating control instruments, and special measuring instruments. Each category can be further subdivided into several subcategories.
1, On site measuring instruments
On site measuring instruments are installed in industrial production sites, which can be divided into level instruments, pressure instruments, temperature instruments, flow instruments, gas analysis instruments, and liquid analysis instruments.
1. Level instrument
Level instruments are instruments used in industrial production processes to measure liquid levels, solid and powder stacking heights, as well as the positions of liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces. There are two types of level instruments: continuous measurement and intermittent measurement: continuous level instruments and limit level instruments.
① Continuous level instrument
Continuous level instruments can be further subdivided into: direct reading level gauges (measuring liquid levels based on the principle of fluid connectivity, such as glass plate level gauges, glass level gauges, quartz tube dual color level gauges), capacitive level gauges, buoyancy level gauges (such as magnetostrictive level gauges, fiber optic level gauges, float level gauges, servo level gauges, float steel strip level gauges, float ball level gauges, magnetic flap level gauges), laser level gauges, ultrasonic level gauges, radar level gauges (such as pulse radar level gauges, guided wave radar level gauges), external mounted level gauges, radio frequency level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and heavy hammer level gauges. level meter
② Limit type level measuring instrument
The most common limit type level measuring instruments are divided into capacitor/pole level switches, float level switches, tuning fork level switches, rotary vane level switches, and ultrasonic level switches.
2. Pressure instruments
Pressure instruments are instruments used to measure changes in medium pressure or pressure difference during industrial production processes. Pressure instruments can be divided into liquid column pressure gauges (such as U-tube pressure gauges, single tube pressure gauges, inclined pressure gauges, etc.), pressure transmitters, differential pressure transmitters, pressure sensors, pressure gauges, pressure switches, and glass tube liquids.
3. Temperature instrument
A temperature instrument is an industrial automation instrument that measures the temperature of an object. Temperature instruments can be subdivided into glass tube liquid thermometers, pressure thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, temperature transmitters, bimetallic thermometers, temperature switches, optical thermometers, radiation thermometers, and non-contact infrared thermometers.
4. Flow meter
Flow meters, also known as flow meters, can be divided into mass flow meters (such as Coriolis mass flow meters, thermal mass flow meters), volumetric flow meters (scraper flow meters, waist wheel flow meters, elliptical gear flow meters), impact plate flow meters, flow switches, velocity flow meters (such as rotary flow meters, turbine flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, vortex flow meters), open channel flow meters, target flow meters, differential pressure flow meters (such as orifice flow meters, nozzle flow meters, Venturi tube flow meters, bent tube flow meters, V-cone flow meters, pitot tube flow meters, and constant velocity tube flow meters)
5. Gas analysis instrument
Gas analysis instrument is a process analysis instrument for measuring gas composition, which can be divided into gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyzer, oxygen analyzer, toxic/combustible gas detection instrument, thermal conductivity analyzer, magnetic conductivity analyzer, electrochemical analyzer, infrared analyzer, ultraviolet analyzer, laser gas analyzer, and photoelectric detection gas analyzer.
6. Liquid analysis instrument
Liquid analysis instruments can be divided into electrochemical analyzers, UV visible light analyzers, infrared absorption spectroscopy analyzers, distillation range analyzers, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyzers, water quality analyzers (such as pH analyzers, conductivity analyzers, concentration/turbidity analyzers, dissolved oxygen analyzers, residual chlorine analyzers, DOC/COD analyzers), and viscosity/density analyzers.
2, On site control instruments
On site instruments refer to instruments installed on the production site, used to measure various process parameters, execute various control commands or convert signals, and achieve communication. On site control instruments include pneumatic control instruments, hydraulic control instruments, and electric control instruments.
3, Field instrument actuators
On site instrument actuators are divided into pneumatic diaphragm control valves, pneumatic diaphragm control valves used in conjunction with valve positioners, electrical valve positioners, and intelligent electrical valve positioners.
4, Display recording instrument
Display and recording instruments are divided into paper-based recorders, paperless recorders, display instruments (analog display instruments, digital display instruments, touch screen HMI and CRT display terminals, flash alarm instruments).
5, Adjusting control instruments
This includes PID regulators, PLCs, digital control systems (such as alarm continuous control systems, DCS systems, FCS bus control systems, ESD emergency stop systems, SIS safety instrument systems), and IPC industrial control computers.
6, Special measuring instruments
Special measuring instruments include shaft vibration measuring instruments, shaft displacement measuring instruments, tachometers, weighing instruments, thickness measuring instruments, signal calibrators, flame detectors, etc.
The classification of automation instruments is not static. With the development of instrument technology, the classification boundaries of some products are merged. For example, bus pressure transmitters (with PID control function) belong to both on-site measurement instruments and regulating control instruments.